Electronic ticketing software relies on equipment hardware that can be deployed out in the field, rugged enough to weather continuous usage in all conditions, and simple enough to navigate. Most ticketing software solutions have an extremely strict set of requirements for the equipment that can be utilized. In some cases, this means that a proprietary hardware must be purchased that is limited to that software, and it is usually more expensive than generic tablets and or handheld devices. This means more upfront cost for carriers that owners either must add into the operating rate they bill their customers, or they must pass the expense along to the drivers.